Types of Memory - LTM and STM

There are two types of memory that we have; Short Term Memory and Long Term Memory.

Short Term Memory  (STM):
  • Stores information temporarily that is recieved from the senses (touch, smell, sound, etc). It is the memory that is actively changing in our mind, its where we remember a conversation we are currently having, etc.  There is a maximum of 5-9 units of information stored in the STM, and that information in the STM stays for a maximum of 30 seconds before being lost. A way to improve STM is by repetition. For example, if you continue to read a piece of information constantly that piece will eventually be transferred to the LTM to remember longer.  STM is mostly remembered acoustically (sound; will be explained in blog post How we remember/forget memories). 
Long Term Memory (LTM):
  • Information that is stored in the STM can sometimes be transferred to the LTM. It stores memory longer; for either a few days or even a whole lifetime. Currently, there are different types of LTM (some of which are stronger than others). LTM has a much larger storage than STM, however if it gets too full there may be issues with memories. For example, some may merge together which can create inaccurate memories (see in blog post False Memories) and they may also change over time with loss of details. These are mostly remembered semantically. (though meaning; will be explainined in How we remember/forget memories). 
  • Types of Long Term Memory (LTM):
    • There are three types of LTM: Explicit, Implicit and Episodic memory.
    • Explicit: Recalled only if consciously thought about. It is also known as the declaritive (easy to put into words). It is formed from several combined memories. 
    • Implicit: Doesn't require conscious thought to be recalled. It is also known as the non-declaritive (not easy to put into words). 
    • Episodic memory (EM): Another form of LTM which holds events that are occuring in an individuals life. 
Source(s):
 I researched Psychology books for this information. 

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